Reflexive monism

Reflexive monism is a philosophical position developed with the aid of Max Velmans, in his books Understanding Consciousness (2000, 2009)[1] and Toward a Deeper Understanding of Consciousness (2017),[2] to address the troubles of consciousness. It is a modern model of an historical view that the fundamental stuff of the universe manifests itself both bodily and as aware enjoy (a dual-component idea inside the traditions of Spinoza and Fechner).[3] The argument is that the thoughts and, ultimately, the universe is psycho-physical.[4]
Monism is the view that the universe, at the deepest degree of analysis, is composed of 1 fundamental kind of stuff. This is typically contrasted with substance dualism, the view determined within the writings of Plato and Descartes that the universe is composed of two kinds of stuff, the physical and the stuff of soul, mind or recognition.
Reflexive monism maintains that, in its evolution from a few primal undifferentiated state, the universe differentiates into distinguishable bodily entities, at the least a number of that have the ability for aware revel in, including humans. While closing embedded within and dependent on the surrounding universe and composed of the equal fundamental stuff, each human, geared up with perceptual and cognitive systems, has an person perspective on, or view of, the rest of the universe and him or her self. In this feel, each human participates in a method wherein the universe differentiates into elements and will become conscious of itself, making the process reflexive. Donald Price and James Barrell write that, in line with reflexive monism, enjoy and matter are two complementary (first- and 1/3-character viewable) facets of the equal reality, and neither may be decreased to the opposite. That mind states are reasons and correlates of attention, they write, does not imply that they're ontologically equal to it, and that they develop using complementary first- and third-character views into a non-reductive, empirical software for investigating the relationship of conscious experience to neuroscience.[4]
A comparable aggregate of monism and reflexivity is observed in later Vedic writings which includes the Upanishads, as well as the Buddhist perspectives of Chittamatra and Dzogchen.