In the philosophy of language, semantic externalism the view that the that means of a term is decided, in complete or in component, by factors external to the speaker. According to an externalist position, one could claim without contradiction that speakers might be in precisely the equal mind country at the time of an utterance, and yet suggest different things by means of that utterance, that is, the term picks out a special extension. The logician Hilary Putnam has summarized the placement with the declaration "meanings just ain't within the head!"
Although he did no longer use the term "externalism" at the time, Putnam is notion to have pioneered semantic externalism in his 1975 paper "The Meaning of 'Meaning'". His Twin Earth idea experiment, from the aforementioned paper, is broadly referred to to demonstrate his argument for externalism to at the present time. Alongside Putnam, credit additionally is going to Saul Kripke and Tyler Burge, each of whom attacked internalism for unbiased motives, offering a basis on which Putnam's assaults rested.
Externalism is typically notion to be a vital consequence of any causal theory of reference; for the reason that causal history of a term isn't always inner, the involvement of that records in figuring out the time period's referent is enough to satisfy the externalist thesis. However, Putnam and plenty of next externalists have maintained that not handiest reference, however experience as well is decided, at the least in element, by way of external factors (see experience and reference).
While it is common to shorten "semantic externalism" to "externalism" inside the context of the talk, one ought to be cautious in doing so, as there are numerous distinct debates in philosophy that hire the phrases "externalism" and "internalism"
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