Tuesday, July 31, 2018

APOD - Layers of the South Pole of Mars

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2018 July 31
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Layers of the South Pole of Mars
Image Credit & License: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin; Bill Dunford

Explanation: What lies beneath the layered south pole of Mars? A recent measurement with ground-penetrating radar from ESA's Mars Express satellite has detected a bright reflection layer consistent with an underground lake of salty water. The reflection comes from about 1.5-km down but covers an area 200-km across. Liquid water evaporates quickly from the surface of Mars, but a briny confined lake, such as implied by the radar reflection, could last much longer and be a candidate to host life such as microbes. Pictured, an infrared, green, and blue image of the south pole of Mars taken by Mars Express in 2012 shows a complex mixture of layers of dirt, frozen carbon dioxide, and frozen water.

Tomorrow's picture: intersteallar iris


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Facebook Says It Removed Pages Involved In Deceptive Political Influence Campaign

The activity on Facebook and Instagram included organizing counter-protests for a white nationalist rally in Washington. There's evidence of links to previous Russian disinformation efforts.

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Health myths debunked. Nutritious late-night snacks. Best healing foods.

Good news: Deodorant doesn't actually cause cancer. It's time to dispel this and six other health illusions you've perhaps believed too long.

Manafort Heads To Court As First Defendant In Mueller Probe To Face Trial

The former chairman of the Trump campaign is on trial on bank and tax fraud charges. The trial is expected to focus less on Manafort's work for then-candidate Trump or Russia and more on how Manafort spent his allegedly ill-gotten gains from work he did for the government of Ukraine.

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Monday, July 30, 2018

The friendliest email you'll read all week

For the U.N.'s International Day of Friendship, a roundup of our favorite NPR stories
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Today is the U.N.'s International Day of Friendship, and to celebrate, we’re rounding up some of our favorite NPR stories on kinship and camaraderie. We hope it gives you a warm and fuzzy feeling today!

Finding a long-lost friend

Sharony Green stands outside Biscayne Gardens Elementary School in Miami, Fla., where she met her close childhood friend, Beth Hegab.
Courtesy of Sharony Green
In the 1970s, two little girls met at an elementary school in Miami and became close friends. One was black, and one was white.

Sharony Green is now an assistant professor of history at the University of Alabama, and she said her friend Beth helped her during a tough time.

But over time, the two girls grew apart. They found other friends and began to spend less and less time together. And race might have played a part in that, Green says. But Green never forgot her childhood friend.

NPR looked for Green's friend via social media and found that the two women weren't very far from one another at all. Read how we helped them reconnect.
 

2 goat pals stuck on a bridge

These goats got stuck on a bridge in western Pennsylvania. The white goat is facing in the wrong direction to walk off the beam, about 100 feet high, and return to solid ground.
Todd Tilson/PA Turnpike Commission
In April, two goats climbed on a beam under a Pennsylvania Turnpike bridge in rural western Pennsylvania and got stuck. No one knows why they did it. They’re not talking.

But goats do love to climb and explore, notes goat specialist Susan Schoenian of the University of Maryland College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. So these two goats, who are probably pals (because goats are social animals), escaped from the nearby yard where they lived and went on an adventure. Read about their dramatic rescue.
 

'I am calling randomly to say hi'

A public telephone booth in Asmara, Eritrea. Ethiopians and Eritreans are calling each other this week as phone lines that had been dormant for decades came to life.
Thomas Mukoya/Reuters
For two decades, Eritrea and Ethiopia were bitterly divided by the cold war that followed one of the deadliest conflicts on the African continent. That came to an end in July, when the countries’ two rulers promised a new spirit of cooperation. They said citizens of each other’s countries could travel freely. And phone lines that had been dormant for decades came to life.

That’s when Frehiwot Negash made a random phone call. She Googled Asmara, the Eritrean capital, and came up with the number for the Crystal Hotel. "When I called," she said, "the receptionist answered, and I said, 'I am calling from Ethiopia to say congratulations.' And I told her, 'I am very happy.'"

The receptionist told her she was happy, too. Negash told her that someday she would fly to Asmara. And the receptionist replied, "We will welcome you." Read the full story.
 

A virtual friendship turned IRL

Last summer, a 22-year-old rapper from Harlem named Spencer was playing Words With Friends, the online game. The game matched him with Roz, an 81-year-old retiree in West Palm Beach, Fla.

The two played more than 300 games together and struck up a close friendship. In December, Spencer flew down to Florida to meet Roz in person. Photos of the two hugging went viral -- because even the Internet knows a real thing when it sees it. Listen to the story.
 

'Hi old person. Today's my birfday'

Norah Wood and her mom Tara visit Dan just about every week now.
Courtesy of Tara Wood
After his wife died, Dan Peterson didn't know what to do with himself. He spent a lot of time in his garden remembering his wife's favorite flower, white roses. One day on a dreaded grocery run, Dan felt particularly depressed.

"And all of the sudden I come to the end of the hall, er aisle, and here's this little girl, and she's sort of bouncing up and down and pointing at me," Dan says. "And she said, 'Hi old person. Today's my birfday.'" Norah seemed to know Dan needed some extra cheer; she ended up brightening his whole life. Read about their unexpected friendship.
 

This email was written by Malaka Gharib, deputy editor of NPR’s Goats and Soda. Make her day by tweeting her your best stories about friendship at @MalakaGharib.
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APOD - Lunar Eclipse over Rio

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2018 July 30
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Lunar Eclipse over Rio
Image Credit: Carlos 'Kiko' Fairbairn

Explanation: Moonrise doesn't usually look this interesting. For one thing, the full moon is not usually this dark -- but last Friday the moon rose here as it simultaneously passed through the shadow of the Earth. For another thing, the Moon does not usually look this red -- but last Friday it was slightly illuminated by red sunlight preferentially refracted through the Earth's atmosphere. Next, the Moon doesn't usually rise next to a planet, but since Mars was also coincidently nearly opposite the Sun, the red planet was visible to the full moon's upper right. Finally, from the vantage point of most people, the Moon does not usually rise over Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Last Friday's sunset eclipse, however, specifically its remarkable Micro Blood Moon Total Lunar Eclipse, was captured from Rio's Botofogo Beach, along with an unusually large crowd of interested onlookers.

Tomorrow's picture: layered mars


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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.
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Sunday, July 29, 2018

APOD - Journey to the Center of the Galaxy

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2018 July 29

Journey to the Center of the Galaxy
Video Credit: ESO/MPE/Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org)/VISTA/J. Emerson/Digitized Sky Survey 2

Explanation: What wonders lie at the center of our Galaxy? In Jules Verne's science fiction classic A Journey to the Center of the Earth, Professor Liedenbrock and his fellow explorers encounter many strange and exciting wonders. Astronomers already know of some of the bizarre objects that exist at our Galactic center, including like vast cosmic dust clouds, bright star clusters, swirling rings of gas, and even a supermassive black hole. Much of the Galactic Center is shielded from our view in visible light by the intervening dust and gas, but it can be explored using other forms of electromagnetic radiation. The featured video is actually a digital zoom into the Milky Way's center which starts by utilizing visible light images from the Digitized Sky Survey. As the movie proceeds, the light shown shifts to dust-penetrating infrared and highlights gas clouds that were recently discovered in 2013 to be falling toward central black hole. In 2018 May, observations of a star passing near the Milky Way's central black hole showed, for the first time, a gravitational redshift of the star's light -- as expected from Einstein's general relativity.

Highlights: Recent Total Lunar Eclipse
Tomorrow's picture: open space


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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
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Talking About Pain; Bill Of The Month; Tick Bites

3 Factors Determine Lyme Infection Risk
Lynn Scurfield for NPR
 

Words Matter When Talking About Pain With Your Doctor

Have you been asked by a doctor or nurse to rate your pain on a scale of 0 to 10 – with 0 meaning no pain at all and 10 indicating the worst pain you can imagine. Chances are you have. The rating system has become a routine part of care.

But many doctors and nurses say this rating system is too simplistic and isn’t working, reports NPR's Patti Neighmond. 

"I never look at just the pain scale," says Dr. Chrystina Jeter, an anesthesiologist and pain management specialist with UCLA Health in Southern California.

Now health care providers are trying to come up with a system that involves words, not numbers. Using words to describe pain brings greater specificity to the measurement of pain and can help focus care so it’s more effective.

If you’re in pain, try a metaphor, describe the course of your day and talk about how pain interferes with what you’d like to be doing.
 
Lauren Justice for KHN
 

Bill Of The Month: A Plan For Affordable Gender-Confirmation Surgery Goes Awry

Wren Vetens thought she'd figured out a great plan to make her gender-confirmation surgery affordable.

She chose a doctoral program in physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, a school that not only embraced transgender students like her, but also granted insurance coverage for her gender-confirmation surgery when she enrolled in 2016.
 
But things got complicated in a hurry. An online price estimate put the cost at $19,000-$25,000. The hospital's billed price to her insurer was $91,850. Vetens and her mom soon felt they had been "the victims of a bait-and-switch scam."

Read more in the latest story in our Bill of the Month series, a collaboration between NPR and Kaiser Health News.
 
A blacklegged tick like this one can be hard to spot.
Scott Camazine/Science Source
 

Ticks And Lyme Disease: 3 Factors Determine Risk Of Infection

You find a tick on your scalp or maybe somewhere below the belt.

What are the chances that the tick’s bite will have infected you with bacteria that cause Lyme disease?

The odds range from zero to roughly 50 percent. The exact probability depends on three factors: the tick species, where it came from and how long the tick was feeding, NPR’s Paul Chisholm reports.

Your Shots editor, Scott Hensley
 
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The best way to explain your pain to a doctor

The traditional 0 to 10 scale works for triaging, but for longer-term management, your medical providers need to know not just how much you're hurting, but also how the pain is affecting you — the things it is stopping you from doing.
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Democratic socialist groups are booming in America. Here’s what they believe — and what they want to do

Membership in the Democratic Socialists of America has gone up sevenfold, to about 43,000 nationwide, in three years. The group views capitalism as oppressive and “fundamentally undemocratic” and believes some sectors of the economy, like health care and utilities, should be government-controlled — though it’s pragmatic in its pursuit of those ideals.

With a primary victory in New York, Democratic socialists are poised to have a face on the national stage for the first time in 20 years.

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Fewer teens have summer jobs than ever; guidance counselors think that’s great

Flipping burgers or stocking shelves won’t prepare them for a career as well as an unpaid internship or a good summer camp will, one high school counselor says. Teens won’t need much convincing — their participation in the workforce has fallen in the past 20 years to 35 percent.

And post-recession, even college students are facing extra competition from older workers.

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If your doctor misunderstands your pain, you won’t just be uncomfortable — it could hamper your treatment and recovery

Being clear not just about how much pain you're feeling but also about how it's limiting you can help clinicians choose the right mix of therapies or medications. For injuries, that could mean being able to properly do your physical therapy. For chronic pain, it could allow you to stay as active as possible.

That kind of clarity can also reduce problems like overprescription of opiates.

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In some cities, you can’t work construction unless you know your archaeology

Gilberto Pagani is a bulldozer operator working to expand Rome's subway system near the Coliseum. But even 40 feet deep, the crew keeps running into artifacts — "gold rings … glasswork laminated in gold depicting a Roman god, some amphoras." Even an entire house belonging to a military commander, its vibrant decorations intact.

The line was supposed to be ready in 2000, but at least commuters will get to enjoy the reason for the delay: Artifacts will be exhibited at the new stations.

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When no one is watching, it’s easy for women to disappear without a trace

Annita Lucchesi discovered no one was keeping track of the number of native women who go missing or are mysteriously killed in the United States and Canada, which may be as high as 300 a year. Most cases don’t need to be reported to national authorities like the FBI. Lucchesi so far has documented about 2,000 cases from recent years.

That list includes her 20-year-old former student, Ashley Loring, who vanished on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation more than a year ago.

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