Sunday, April 3, 2022

APOD - CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2022 April 3
The featured image depicts the cosmic microwave  background radiation as seen by the NASA's COBE mission   over four years ending in 1993. The hot and cold dipole  pattern is indiciative of the Sun moving with respect  to this microwave light, but the cause of the motion  remains mostly unknown.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe
Image Credit: DMR, COBE, NASA, Four-Year Sky Map

Explanation: Our Earth is not at rest. The Earth moves around the Sun. The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy orbits in the Local Group of Galaxies. The Local Group falls toward the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. But these speeds are less than the speed that all of these objects together move relative to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). In the featured all-sky map from the COBE satellite in 1993, microwave light in the Earth's direction of motion appears blueshifted and hence hotter, while microwave light on the opposite side of the sky is redshifted and colder. The map indicates that the Local Group moves at about 600 kilometers per second relative to this primordial radiation. This high speed was initially unexpected and its magnitude is still unexplained. Why are we moving so fast? What is out there?

Tomorrow's picture: auroral vortex


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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
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