Saturday, November 30, 2024

APOD - Winter and Summer on a Little Planet

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.

2024 November 30
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Winter and Summer on a Little Planet
Image Credit & Copyright: Camille Niel

Explanation: Winter and summer appear to come on a single night to this stunning little planet. It's planet Earth of course. The digitally mapped, nadir centered panorama covers 360x180 degrees and is composed of frames recorded during January and July from the Col du Galibier in the French Alps. Stars and nebulae of the northern winter (bottom) and summer Milky Way form the complete arcs traversing the rugged, curved horizon. Cars driving along on the road during a summer night illuminate the 2,642 meter high mountain pass, but snow makes access difficult during winter months except by serious ski touring. Cycling fans will recognize the Col du Galibier as one of the most famous climbs in planet Earth's Tour de France.

Tomorrow's picture: everyone's latte is ready


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Friday, November 29, 2024

APOD - Messier 4

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 29
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Messier 4
Image Credit & Copyright: Steve Crouch

Explanation: Messier 4 can be found west of bright red-giant star Antares, alpha star of the constellation Scorpius. M4 itself is only just visible from dark sky locations, even though the globular cluster of 100,000 stars or so is a mere 5,500 light-years away. Still, its proximity to prying telescopic eyes makes it a prime target for astronomical explorations. Recent studies have included Hubble observations of M4's pulsating cepheid variable stars, cooling white dwarf stars, and ancient, pulsar orbiting exoplanet PSR B1620-26 b. This sharp image was captured with a small telescope on planet Earth. At M4's estimated distance it spans about 50 light-years across the core of the globular star cluster.

Tomorrow's picture: the climb


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Wednesday, November 27, 2024

APOD - The Meteor and the Comet

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 27
A star-filled sky has two streaks in the foreground. A green  and red streak toward the lower left was created by an ablating   meteor, while the blue and white streak on the upper right is  the coma and tail of a comet.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Meteor and the Comet
Image Credit & Copyright: Wang Hao; Processing: Song Wentao

Explanation: How different are these two streaks? The streak on the upper right is Comet Tsuchinshan-Atlas showing an impressive dust tail. The comet is a large and dirty iceberg that entered the inner Solar System and is shedding gas and dust as it is warmed by the Sun's light. The streak on the lower left is a meteor showing an impressive evaporation trail. The meteor is a small and cold rock that entered the Earth's atmosphere and is shedding gas and dust as it is warmed by molecular collisions. The meteor was likely once part of a comet or asteroid -- perhaps later composing part of its tail. The meteor was gone in a flash and was only caught by coincidence during a series of exposures documenting the comet's long tail. The featured image was captured just over a month ago from Sichuan Province in China.

Gallery: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS in 2024
Tomorrow's picture: open space


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Tuesday, November 26, 2024

APOD - The Sombrero Galaxy from Webb and Hubble

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 26
The top panel shows a flat ring with a bright center  in blue, even though it was taken in near infrared light.  The bottom panel shows the same galaxy in visible light  and shows a brighter and more expansive center against  which the flat ring appears dark.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Sombrero Galaxy from Webb and Hubble
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Hubble Heritage Project (STScI, AURA)

Explanation: This floating ring is the size of a galaxy. In fact, it is a galaxy -- or at least part of one: the photogenic Sombrero Galaxy is one of the largest galaxies in the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. The dark band of dust that obscures the mid-section of the Sombrero Galaxy in visible light (bottom panel) actually glows brightly in infrared light (top panel). The featured image shows the infrared glow in false blue, recorded recently by the space-based James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and released yesterday, pictured above an archival image taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope in visible light. The Sombrero Galaxy, also known as M104, spans about 50,000 light years and lies 28 million light years away. M104 can be seen with a small telescope in the direction of the constellation Virgo.

Tomorrow's picture: meteor races comet


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Monday, November 25, 2024

APOD - The Horsehead Nebula

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 25
The top half glows red, while the bottom half is filled   with dark dust. Protruding into the red is a dark dust  lane that resembles a horse's head.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Horsehead Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Alex Lin (Chilescope)

Explanation: One of the most identifiable nebulas in the sky, the Horsehead Nebula in Orion, is part of a large, dark, molecular cloud. Also known as Barnard 33, the unusual shape was first discovered on a photographic plate in the late 1800s. The red glow originates from hydrogen gas predominantly behind the nebula, ionized by the nearby bright star Sigma Orionis. The darkness of the Horsehead is caused mostly by thick dust, although the lower part of the Horsehead's neck casts a shadow to the left. Streams of gas leaving the nebula are funneled by a strong magnetic field. Bright spots in the Horsehead Nebula's base are young stars just in the process of forming. Light takes about 1,500 years to reach us from the Horsehead Nebula. The featured image was taken from the Chilescope Observatory in the mountains of Chile.

Tomorrow's picture: meteor races comet


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Sunday, November 24, 2024

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APOD - Journey to the Center of the Galaxy

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 24

https://www.youtube.com/embed/FNHexFdacK0?rel=0


Journey to the Center of the Galaxy
Video Credit: ESO/MPE/Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org)/VISTA/J. Emerson/Digitized Sky Survey 2

Explanation: What lies at the center of our galaxy? In Jules Verne's science fiction classic, A Journey to the Center of the Earth, Professor Liedenbrock and his fellow explorers encounter many strange and exciting wonders. Astronomers already know of some of the bizarre objects that exist at our Galactic Center, including vast cosmic dust clouds, bright star clusters, swirling rings of gas, and even a supermassive black hole. Much of the Galactic Center is shielded from our view in visible light by the intervening dust and gas, but it can be explored using other forms of electromagnetic radiation. The featured video is actually a digital zoom into the Milky Way's center which starts by utilizing visible light images from the Digitized Sky Survey. As the movie proceeds, the light shown shifts to dust-penetrating infrared and highlights gas clouds that were recently discovered in 2013 to be falling toward the central black hole.

Tomorrow's picture: dark horse


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Saturday, November 23, 2024

APOD - Interplanetary Earth

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 23
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Interplanetary Earth
Image Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, SSI, JPL, ESA, NASA & NASA / JHU Applied Physics Lab / Carnegie Inst. Washington

Explanation: In an interplanetary first, on July 19, 2013 Earth was photographed on the same day from two other worlds of the Solar System, innermost planet Mercury and ringed gas giant Saturn. Pictured on the left, Earth is the pale blue dot just below the rings of Saturn, as captured by the robotic Cassini spacecraft then orbiting the outermost gas giant. On that same day people across planet Earth snapped many of their own pictures of Saturn. On the right, the Earth-Moon system is seen against the dark background of space as captured by the sunward MESSENGER spacecraft, then in Mercury orbit. MESSENGER took its image as part of a search for small natural satellites of Mercury, moons that would be expected to be quite dim. In the MESSENGER image, the brighter Earth and Moon are both overexposed and shine brightly with reflected sunlight. Destined not to return to their home world, both Cassini and MESSENGER have since retired from their missions of Solar System exploration.

Tomorrow's picture: interstellar journey


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Friday, November 22, 2024

APOD - The Medusa Nebula

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2024 November 22
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

The Medusa Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Bruno Rota Sargi

Explanation: Braided and serpentine filaments of glowing gas suggest this nebula's popular name, The Medusa Nebula. Also known as Abell 21, this Medusa is an old planetary nebula some 1,500 light-years away in the constellation Gemini. Like its mythological namesake, the nebula is associated with a dramatic transformation. The planetary nebula phase represents a final stage in the evolution of low mass stars like the sun as they transform themselves from red giants to hot white dwarf stars and in the process shrug off their outer layers. Ultraviolet radiation from the hot star powers the nebular glow. The Medusa's transforming star is the faint one near the center of the overall bright crescent shape. In this deep telescopic view, fainter filaments clearly extend below and to the left. The Medusa Nebula is estimated to be over 4 light-years across.

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend


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Thursday, November 21, 2024

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APOD - The Elephant's Trunk in Cepheus

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 21
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

The Elephant's Trunk in Cepheus
Image Credit: Image Credit & Copyright: Giorgio Ferrari

Explanation: Like an illustration in a galactic Just So Story, the Elephant's Trunk Nebula winds through the emission region and young star cluster complex IC 1396, in the high and far off constellation of Cepheus. Also known as vdB 142, this cosmic elephant's trunk is over 20 light-years long. The detailed telescopic view features the bright swept-back ridges and pockets of cool interstellar dust and gas that abound in the region. But the dark, tendril-shaped clouds contain the raw material for star formation and hide protostars within. Nearly 3,000 light-years distant, the relatively faint IC 1396 complex covers a large region on the sky, spanning over 5 degrees. This rendition spans a 1 degree wide field of view though, about the angular size of 2 full moons.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space


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Wednesday, November 20, 2024

APOD - Earthset from Orion

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2024 November 20
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Earthset from Orion
Image Credit: NASA, Artemis 1

Explanation: Eight billion people are about to disappear in this snapshot from space taken on 2022 November 21. On the sixth day of the Artemis I mission, their home world is setting behind the Moon's bright edge as viewed by an external camera on the outbound Orion spacecraft. Orion was headed for a powered flyby that took it to within 130 kilometers of the lunar surface. Velocity gained in the flyby maneuver was used to reach a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon. That orbit is considered distant because it's another 92,000 kilometers beyond the Moon, and retrograde because the spacecraft orbited in the opposite direction of the Moon's orbit around planet Earth. Orion entered its distant retrograde orbit on November 25. Swinging around the Moon, Orion reached a maximum distance (just over 400,000 kilometers) from Earth on November 28, exceeding a record set by Apollo 13 for most distant spacecraft designed for human space exploration. The Artemis II mission, carrying 4 astronauts around the moon and back again, is scheduled to launch no earlier than September 2025.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space


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Tuesday, November 19, 2024

APOD - Undulatus Clouds over Las Campanas Observatory

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2024 November 19
A series of white parallel clouds are seen going off  into the distance in a background blue sky. In the foreground  is a hill with two domes at the top.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Undulatus Clouds over Las Campanas Observatory
Image Credit & Copyright: Yuri Beletsky (Carnegie Las Campanas Observatory, TWAN); h/t: Alice Allen

Explanation: What's happening with these clouds? While it may seem that these long and thin clouds are pointing toward the top of a hill, and that maybe a world-famous observatory is located there, only part of that is true. In terms of clouds, the formation is a chance superposition of impressively periodic undulating air currents in Earth's lower atmosphere. Undulatus, a type of Asperitas cloud, form at the peaks where the air is cool enough to cause the condensation of opaque water droplets. The wide-angle nature of the panorama creates the illusion that the clouds converge over the hill. In terms of land, there really is a world-famous observatory at the top of that peak: the Carnegie Science's Las Campanas Observatory in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The two telescope domes visible are the 6.5-meter Magellan Telescopes. The featured coincidental vista was a surprise but was captured by the phone of a quick-thinking photographer in late September.

Your Sky Surprise: What picture did APOD feature on your birthday? (post 1995)
Tomorrow's picture: flight day 6


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Monday, November 18, 2024

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APOD - Stars and Dust in the Pacman Nebula

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 18
A blue glowing gas background shows numerous bright stars  in the foreground. A dark red dust nebula is also visible toward  the image center. Around the edges, dark dust clouds are also  visible, sometime colored tan and other times dark brown.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Stars and Dust in the Pacman Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Malcolm Loro

Explanation: Stars can create huge and intricate dust sculptures from the dense and dark molecular clouds from which they are born. The tools the stars use to carve their detailed works are high energy light and fast stellar winds. The heat they generate evaporates the dark molecular dust as well as causing ambient hydrogen gas to disperse and glow. Pictured here, a new open cluster of stars designated IC 1590 is nearing completion around the intricate interstellar dust structures in the emission nebula NGC 281, dubbed the Pac-man Nebula because of its overall shape. The dust cloud just above center is classified as a Bok Globule as it may gravitationally collapse and form a star -- or stars. The Pacman Nebula lies about 10,000 light years away toward the constellation of Cassiopeia.

Tomorrow's picture: pointing clouds


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Sunday, November 17, 2024

APOD - LDN 1471: A Windblown Star Cavity

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 17
A starfield is dominated by light brown dust. In the   middle is a parabolic gas cloud opening toward the lower right.  A bright star is near the center at the apex of the parabolic  gas cloud.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

LDN 1471: A Windblown Star Cavity
Image Credit: Hubble, NASA, ESA; Processing & License: Judy Schmidt

Explanation: What is the cause of this unusual parabolic structure? This illuminated cavity, known as LDN 1471, was created by a newly forming star, seen as the bright source at the peak of the parabola. This protostar is experiencing a stellar outflow which is then interacting with the surrounding material in the Perseus Molecular Cloud, causing it to brighten. We see only one side of the cavity -- the other side is hidden by dark dust. The parabolic shape is caused by the widening of the stellar-wind blown cavity over time. Two additional structures can also be seen either side of the protostar; these are known as Herbig-Haro objects, again caused by the interaction of the outflow with the surrounding material. What causes the striations on the cavity walls, though, remains unknown. The featured image was taken by NASA and ESA's Hubble Space Telescope after an original detection by the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Explore Your Universe: Random APOD Generator
Tomorrow's picture: Bok Man


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Saturday, November 16, 2024

APOD - Pluto at Night

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2024 November 16
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Pluto at Night
Image Credit: NASA, Johns Hopkins Univ./APL, Southwest Research Institute

Explanation: The night side of Pluto spans this shadowy scene. In the stunning spacebased perspective the Sun is 4.9 billion kilometers (almost 4.5 light-hours) behind the dim and distant world. It was captured by far flung New Horizons in July of 2015 when the spacecraft was at a range of some 21,000 kilometers from Pluto, about 19 minutes after its closest approach. A denizen of the Kuiper Belt in dramatic silhouette, the image also reveals Pluto's tenuous, surprisingly complex layers of hazy atmosphere. Near the top of the frame the crescent twilight landscape includes southern areas of nitrogen ice plains now formally known as Sputnik Planitia and rugged mountains of water-ice in the Norgay Montes.

Tomorrow's picture: windblown


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Friday, November 15, 2024

APOD - Apollo 12 and Surveyor 3

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2024 November 15
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Apollo 12 and Surveyor 3
Image Credit: NASA, Apollo 12, Alan Bean - Stereo Image Copyright: Kevin Frank

Explanation: Put on your red/blue glasses and gaze across the western Ocean of Storms on the surface of the Moon. The 3D anaglyph features Apollo 12 astronaut Pete Conrad visiting the Surveyor 3 spacecraft in November of 1969. Surveyor 3 had landed at the site on the inside slope of a small crater about 2 1/2 years earlier in April of 1967. Visible on the horizon beyond the far crater wall, Apollo 12's Lunar Module Intrepid touched down less than 200 meters (650 feet) away, easy moonwalking distance from the robotic Surveyor spacecraft. This stereo image was carefully created from two separate pictures (AS12-48-7133, AS12-48-7134) captured on the lunar surface. They depict the scene from only slightly different viewpoints, approximating the separation between human eyes.

Tomorrow's picture: Pluto at Night


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Thursday, November 14, 2024

APOD - IC 348 and Barnard 3

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 14
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

IC 348 and Barnard 3
Image Credit & Copyright: Ashraf Abu Sara

Explanation: A great nebulous region near bright star omicron Persei offers this study in cosmic contrasts. Captured in the telescopic frame the colorful complex of dust, gas, and stars spans about 3 degrees on the sky along the edge of the Perseus molecular cloud some 1000 light-years away. Surrounded by a bluish halo of dust reflected starlight, omicron Persei itself is just left of center. Immediately below it lies the intriguing young star cluster IC 348 recently explored by the James Webb Space Telescope. In silhouette against the diffuse reddish glow of hydrogen gas, dark and obscuring interstellar dust cloud Barnard 3 is at upper right. Of course the cosmic dust also tends to hide newly formed stars and young stellar objects or protostars from prying optical telescopes. At the Perseus molecular cloud's estimated distance, this field of view would span about 50 light-years.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space


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Wednesday, November 13, 2024

APOD - Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1365 from Webb

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 13
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Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1365 from Webb
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Janice Lee (NOIRLab) - Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI)

Explanation: A mere 56 million light-years distant toward the southern constellation Fornax, NGC 1365 is an enormous barred spiral galaxy about 200,000 light-years in diameter. That's twice the size of our own barred spiral Milky Way. This sharp image from the James Webb Space Telescope's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) reveals stunning details of this magnificent spiral in infrared light. Webb's field of view stretches about 60,000 light-years across NGC 1365, exploring the galaxy's core and bright newborn star clusters. The intricate network of dusty filaments and bubbles is created by young stars along spiral arms winding from the galaxy's central bar. Astronomers suspect the gravity field of NGC 1365's bar plays a crucial role in the galaxy's evolution, funneling gas and dust into a star-forming maelstrom and ultimately feeding material into the active galaxy's central, supermassive black hole.

Tomorrow's picture: the light, the dark, and the dusty


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Tuesday, November 12, 2024

APOD - NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 12
A starfield is shown with a unusual textured nebula  in the center colored in brown with blue trimmings. Diffuse  red nebula appear around the edges. In the center is an  opaque brown object.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Team ARO

Explanation: How was the Crescent Nebula created? Looking like an emerging space cocoon, the Crescent Nebula, visible in the center of the featured image, was created by the brightest star in its center. A leading progenitor hypothesis has the Crescent Nebula beginning to form about 250,000 years ago. At that time, the massive central star had evolved to become a Wolf-Rayet star (WR 136), shedding its outer envelope in a strong stellar wind, ejecting the equivalent of our Sun's mass every 10,000 years. This wind impacted surrounding gas left over from a previous phase, compacting it into a series of complex shells, and lighting it up. The Crescent Nebula, also known as NGC 6888, lies about 4,700 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus. Star WR 136 will probably undergo a supernova explosion sometime in the next million years.

Jigsaw Challenge: Astronomy Puzzle of the Day
Tomorrow's picture: open space


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Sunday, November 10, 2024

[38+] Jardin Chic Contemporain - Des réalisations en 2020 | Jardin miner..

22+

APOD - Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 10
A picture of Mars is shown as a large orange globe.  Across the center of the planet a long canyon is visible.   Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars
Image Credit: NASA, USGS, Viking Project

Explanation: The largest canyon in the Solar System cuts a wide swath across the face of Mars. Named Valles Marineris, the grand valley extends over 3,000 kilometers long, spans as much as 600 kilometers across, and delves as much as 8 kilometers deep. By comparison, the Earth's Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA is 800 kilometers long, 30 kilometers across, and 1.8 kilometers deep. The origin of the Valles Marineris remains unknown, although a leading hypothesis holds that it started as a crack billions of years ago as the planet cooled. Several geologic processes have been identified in the canyon. The featured mosaic was created from over 100 images of Mars taken by Viking Orbiters in the 1970s.

Tomorrow's picture: comet tails


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Saturday, November 9, 2024

APOD - Neptune at Night

Astronomy Picture of the Day

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2024 November 9
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download  the highest resolution version available.

Neptune at Night
Image Credit & Copyright: Voyager 2, NASA

Explanation: Ice giant Neptune is faint in Earth's night sky. Some 30 times farther from the Sun than our fair planet, telescopes are needed to catch a glimpse of the dim and distant world. This dramatic view of Neptune's night just isn't possible for telescopes in the vicinity of planet Earth though. Peering out from the inner Solar System they can only bring Neptune's day side into view. In fact this night side image with Neptune's slender crescent next to the crescent of its large moon Triton was captured by Voyager 2. Launched from planet Earth in 1977 the Voyager 2 spacecraft made a close fly by of the Solar System's outermost planet in 1989, looking back on Neptune at night as the robotic spacecraft continued its voyage to interstellar space.

Tomorrow's picture: Valles Marineris


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Friday, November 8, 2024

APOD - Helping Hand in Cassiopeia

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2024 November 8
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Helping Hand in Cassiopeia
Image Credit & Copyright: Francesco Radici

Explanation: Drifting near the plane of our Milky Way galaxy these dusty molecular clouds seem to extend a helping hand on a cosmic scale. Part of a local complex of star-forming interstellar clouds they include LDN 1358, 1357, and 1355 from American astronomer Beverly Lynds' 1962 Catalog of Dark Nebulae. Presenting a challenging target for astro-imagers, the obscuring dark nebulae are nearly 3,000 light-years away, toward rich starfields in the northern constellation Cassiopeia. At that distance, this deep, telescopic field of view would span about 80 light-years.

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend


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